Annotated Bibliography

Microinsurance aspects in agricultural insurance

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Year of publication: 2008
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Abstract:
The Potential of Weather Index Insurance for Spurring a Green Revolution in Africa
Jerry R. Skees, Benjamin Collier
GlobalAgRisk, Inc.
53
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Agricultural Insurance - Background and Context for Climate Adaptation Discussions
Jerry R. Skees, Barry J. Barnett, Benajmin Collier
GlobalAgRisk, Inc.
35
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Year of publication: 2007
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Malawi – Index-linked crop insurance project
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Micro Insurance Agency
4
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The paper provides background information on the index-linked crop insurance product in Malawi. It covers the country’s agricultural risk exposure, product details of the index-based rainfall insurance scheme and illustrates the first practical experiences.
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Insurance in emerging markets: sound development; greenfield for agricultural insurance
Baez, M.; Wing, S.
Swiss Re
44
http://microfinancegateway.org/redirect.php?mode=link&id=38512 
http://microfinancegateway.org/content/article/detail/38512 
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Developing index-based insurance for agriculture in developing countries
Bryla, Erin; Syroka, Joanna
UN DESA
8
http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/publications/innovationbriefs/no2.pdf 
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Agents of change-insurers seek growth in developing markets
McDonald, Ian; Pleven, Liam; Bellman, Eric
Wall Street Journal
6
http://users1.wsj.com/lmda/do/checkLogin?mg=wsj-users1&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB117104813170803940.html%3Fmod%3Dtodays_us_nonsub_page_one
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Managing agricultural risk at the country level: The case of index-based livestock insurance in Mongolia
Mahul, Olivier; Skees, Jerry
World Bank
35
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Patterns of rainfall insurance participation in rural India
Gine, Xavier; Townsend, Robert; Vickery, James
N/A
55
http://microfinancegateway.org/redirect.php?mode=link&id=39944 
http://microfinancegateway.org/content/article/detail/39944
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Patterns of rainfall insurance participation in rural India (presentation)
Gine, Xavier; Townsend, Robert; Vickery, James
N/A
20
http://microfinancegateway.org/redirect.php?mode=link&id=40363 
http://microfinancegateway.org/content/article/detail/40363 
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Weather-based index insurance for developing countries (presentation)
Stoppa, Andrea
N/A
81
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The presentation provides an overview of the general concept and principles of index-based weather insurance schemes. An explanation of the design and application of these insurance products is then illustrated by several practical examples (Morocco, India, Malawi, Ethiopia). Risk layering as an important characteristic of country-wide comprehensive risk-management strategies and the critical role of technology in producing good and reliable index data round off the presentation.

Year of publication: 2006
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Drought monitoring approaches for parametric agro-reinsurance in Mexico (presentation)
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AGROASEMEX
26
http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/research/2006/nadm-workshop/20061019/1161269400.pdf 
Presentation about an index-based rainfall insurance product introduced by AGROASEMEX, including contract specifications and a case study about the insurance product in the State of Mexico.
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The Mexican experience in the development and operation of parametric insurance oriented to livestock
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AGROASEMEX
59
http://www.agroasemex.gob.mx/media/publicaciones/ganaderia_in.pdf 
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The Mexican experience in the development and operation of parametric insurances applied to agriculture
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AGROASEMEX
61
http://www.agroasemex.gob.mx/media/publicaciones/agricola_in.pdf 
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Microinsurance for risk mitigation and crisis recovery
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Banking With The Poor Network
9
http://microfinancegateway.org/redirect.php?mode=link&id=37406 
http://microfinancegateway.org/content/article/detail/37406 
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CGAP Focus Note 39
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CGAP Working Group on Microinsurance
16
http://www.microfinancegateway.org/redirect.php?mode=link&id=36552 
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MICROINSURANCE Newsletter No.10
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CGAP Working Group on Microinsurance
6
http://www.microfinancegateway.com/redirect.php?mode=link&id=34440 
http://www.microfinancegateway.org/content/article/detail/34440 
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Performance indicators for microinsurance practitioners
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CGAP Working Group on Microinsurance
58
http://www.microfinancegateway.org/redirect.php?mode=link&id=37292 
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Insurance schemes for small farmers
Mommens, Xavier
European Microfinance Programme
23
http://microfinancegateway.org/redirect.php?mode=link&id=33497 
http://microfinancegateway.org/content/article/detail/33497 
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Agricultural insurance in Mesoamerica
Arias, Diego; Covarrubias, Katia
Inter-American Development Bank
68
http://www.microfinancegateway.com/redirect.php?mode=link&id=33251 
http://www.microfinancegateway.com/content/article/detail/33251 
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Abstract:
Emerging trends in farm insurance – Weather insurance (presentation)
Prashad, Pranav
ICICI Lombard
22
http://www.ficci.com/media-room/speeches-presentations/2006/oct/agri/ParallelSessionI(a)/Prashad.pdf
The presentation from the national ICICI Lombard insurance company in India provides an overview of the agriculture sector and its risks in India. Furthermore, it explains the functionality of index-based insurances and illustrates some example schemes (coriander insurance using temperature as a trigger, castor and groundnut insurance using the amount of rainfall as a trigger, etc.). An overview of the latest index-based weather insurance products in India and of the strategies to overcome the challenges in index products round off the presentation.
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Abstract:
Mapping climate vulnerability and poverty in Africa
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ILRI
200
http://www.ilri.org/ILRIPubAware/Uploaded%20Files/Mapping%20Climate%20Vulnerability%20and%20Poverty%20in%20Africa.pdf
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Risk management in agriculture for natural hazards
Hartell, Jason; Ibarra, Hector; Skees, Jerry; Syroka, Joanna
ISMEA
201
http://www.sicuragro.it/pages/..%5CItalia%5CDownloads%5CDerivati%20meteo%20Ismea%20-%20Ver%20Inglese.pdf
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Rethinking International Disaster and Finance
Syroka, Johanna; Wilcox, Richard
Journal of International Affairs
17
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In order to maximize its value to the world's most vulnerable populations, often the victims of these disasters, the international aid community must endeavour to create an effective and equitable international emergency aid system. To reach this dual goal requires a conceptual shift from a reactive emergency aid business model to a proactive risk-management investment model. Vulnerable populations almost continuously suffer some losses as a result of localized, frequent natural calamities and manmade hazards. To treat these events as emergencies obscures the fact that some populations have become so poor that they can no longer support themselves even in normal natural conditions. From a financial perspective, providing assistance to vulnerable populations to enable them to survive normal one-in-two- or one-in-three-year fluctuations in weather and other expected events is an investment proposition. Aiding populations to cope with extreme events is an insurance proposition. The first needs a predictable, steady flow of investment funds; the second requires contingency funds to cope with probable but uncertain events. The second is the focus of this article.
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Abstract:
Poverty Traps and Index-Based Risk Transfer Products
Barnett, Barry; Barrett, Christopher; Skees, Jerry
Second Review for World Development
34
http://www.aem.cornell.edu/faculty_sites/cbb2/Papers/Poverty%20Traps%20and%20Index%20Based%20Risk%20Transfer%20Products%20July%202006.pdf
This article reviews relevant threads of the poverty traps literature to motivate a description of the opportunities presented by innovative index-based risk transfer products.
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Index insurance for weather risk in lower-income countries
GlobalAgRisk
USAID
51
http://microlinks.org/file_download.php/Index+Insurance+Primer.pdf?URL_ID=14239&filename=11656047761Index_Insurance_Primer.pdf&filetype=application%2Fpdf&filesize=286990&name=Index+Insurance+Primer.pdf&location=user-S/
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Innovations in risk-management index insurance presentation
GlobalAgRisk
USAID
43
http://www.microlinks.org/file_download.php/Index_based+Insurance_Seminar%239.ppt?URL_ID=13610&filename=11619846961Index_based_Insurance_Seminar%239.ppt&filetype=application%2Fvnd.ms-powerpoint&filesize=868352&name=Index_based+Insurance_Seminar%239.ppt&location=user-S/
Presentation about index insurance in agriculture including shortfalls of traditional insurance, risk-layering strategies and a case study about index-based insurance in Peru
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Malawi – Weather insurance mitigates risk
N/A
USAID
2
http://www.microfinancegateway.org/redirect.php?mode=link&id=33738 
http://www.microfinancegateway.org/content/article/detail/33738 
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Out of 'microfinance' work springs insuring loans for the impoverished
McDonald, Ian; Pleven, Liam
Wall Street Journal
2
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB116078249852192600.html 
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Saving livelihoods through weather risk management
Hess, Ulrich; Im, Seon Yeon
WFP
10
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Ethiopia – Integrated risk financing to protect livelihoods and foster development
Hess, Ulrich; Wiseman; William; Robertson, Tim
WFP, World Bank, DFID
13
http://www.virtualcentre.org/en/ele/econf_03_alive/download/s1_10_Ethiopia.pdf 
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Piloting Index-Based Livestock Insurance in Mongolia
Mahul, Oliver; Skees, Jerry
World Bank
4
http://rru.worldbank.org/PapersLinks/Open.aspx?id=7424
Mahul and Skees describe the index-based livestock insurance program in Mongolia designed in the context of a World Bank lending operation with the Government of Mongolia. This project presents a unique opportunity to design and implement an original agriculture insurance program using a country-wide agricultural risk management model designed by the World Bank.
Index-based livestock insurance project report:
http://www.microfinancegateway.com/content/article/detail/33190
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Global index insurance facility
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World Bank
6
http://www.proventionconsortium.org/themes/default/pdfs/GIIF_overview_Feb06.pdf 
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Quarterly Progress Report July to Sept 2006 Mongolia
N/A
World Bank
6
http://www.iblip.mn/pages/File/Uliraliin%20tailan%20tovch%20ENG.pdf 
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Nicaragua – A System of drought insurance for poverty alleviation in rural areas
Nieto, Jacqueline Diaz; Cook, Simon; Lundy, Mark; Fisher, Myles; Sanchez, Diego; Guevara, Edward
N/A
94
http://microfinancegateway.org/redirect.php?mode=link&id=35365 
http://microfinancegateway.org/content/article/detail/35365 
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Abstract:
Stakeholder´s View in Reducing financial vulnerability to natural disasters in the agricultural sector in Mexico
Saldaña-Zorrilla, Sergio Omar
N/A
65
http://www.start.org/Programme/advanced_institute3_web/Final%20Papers/SALDANA%20FINAL%20PAPER%20AIVGEC.pdf 
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Year of publication: 2005
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Indian crop insurance programme (presentation)
Bhandari, Suparas
AIC India
30
http://www.itf-commrisk.org/documents/meetings/AgInsurance%202005/bhandari.pdf 
The presentation from the national Agriculture Insurance Company (AIC) in India provides an overview of developments in the crop insurance market in India and AIC. Furthermore, it discusses the National Agricultural Insurance Scheme, the Farm Income Insurance Scheme and the Rainfall Insurance Scheme. It closes with an outlook on new and future products as well as the crop insurance penetration targets.
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CGAP Focus Note 27
N/A
CGAP Working Group on Microinsurance
8
http://www.microfinancegateway.org/redirect.php?mode=link&id=26287 
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Lessons learnt the hard way
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CGAP Working Group on Microinsurance
48
http://www.microfinancegateway.org/redirect.php?mode=link&id=24121 
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Occasional Paper No.11
Christen, Robert; Pearce, Douglas
CGAP Working Group on Microinsurance
52
http://www.microfinancegateway.org/redirect.php?mode=link&id=27745 
http://www.microfinancegateway.org/content/article/detail/27745 
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Abstract:
Insurance of crops in developing countries
Roberts, R.A.J.
FAO
86
http://www.ruralfinance.org/servlet/BinaryDownloaderServlet/27021_Insurance_of_crops.pdf?filename=1135189287882_InsuranceCrops_withcover.pdf&refID=27021 
http://www.microfinancegateway.com/content/article/detail/31311 
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Livestock and aquaculture insurance in developing countries
Roberts, R.A.J.
FAO
81
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http://www.microfinancegateway.com/content/article/detail/31305 
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Abstract:
Index-based livestock insurance in Mongolia – Potentialimpact on financial sector development
Goes, Anne
GlobalAgRisk
7
http://www.globalagrisk.com/pubs/Index%20Based%20Livestock%20Insurance%20in%20Mongolia.pdf 
The document describes the index-based livestock insurance programme in Mongolia designed in the context of a World Bank lending operation with the government of Mongolia. It provides all details of the insurance scheme – a combination of self-insurance by herders, market-based insurance, and social insurance – and explains the syndicate pooling arrangement protecting participating insurance companies against excessive insured losses.
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Abstract:
Agricultural insurance revisited: New developments and perspectives in Latin America and the Caribbean
Wenner, Mark
Inter-American Development Bank
77
http://www.iadb.org/sds/doc/RUR-Agricultural%20InsuranceFINALVERSIONENGLISHJULY06.pdf 
http://www.microfinancegateway.com/content/article/detail/34395 
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Insurance against poverty
Dercon, Stefan
UNU WIDER
25
http://www.wider.unu.edu/events/book-launch-20-november-2003/pb-iap.pdf 
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Long- term impacts of short-term shocks: poverty traps and environmental disasters in Ethiopia and Honduras
Carter, Michael; Little, Peter; Mogues, Tewodaj; Negatu, Workneh
USAID
4
http://dec.usaid.gov/index.cfm?p=search.getCitation&CFID=206134&CFTOKEN=25083223&id=v_28EAA8E4-D566-FC5C-D65C0BC30DE48978&rec_no=137953
http://www.povertyenvironment.net/?q=long-term_impacts_of_short-term_shocks_poverty_traps_and_environmental_disasters_in_ethiopia_and_honduras
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Developing rainfall-based index insurance in Morocco
Skees, Jerry; Gober, Stephanie; Varangis, Panos; Lester, Rodney; Kalavakonda, Vijay
World Bank
39
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http://www.microfinancegateway.com/content/article/detail/2874 
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Global index insurance facility presentation
N/A
World Bank
39
http://www.itf-commrisk.org/documents/meetings/Interlaken2005/giif2.pdf 
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Managing agricultural production risk
N/A
World Bank
129
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTARD/Resources/Managing_Ag_Risk_FINAL.pdf 
http://www.microfinancegateway.com/content/article/detail/31309 
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Microinsurance – Enhancing the outreach and sustainability of risk mitigation services for the poor
Mahajan, Vijay
World Bank
5
http://web.worldbank.org/servlets/ECR?contentMDK=20722913&contTypePK=217180&folderPK=64187549&sitePK=543574&callCR=true
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Mongolia index-based livestock insurance project
Belete, Nathan
World Bank
14
http://www.microfinancegateway.org/redirect.php?mode=link&id=33190 
http://www.microfinancegateway.com/content/article/detail/33190 
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Weather-based insurance in southern Africa – Malawi
Hess, Ulrich; Syroka, Joanna
World Bank
78
http://www.itf-commrisk.org/documents/malawi.pdf 
http://www.microfinancegateway.com/content/article/detail/37405 
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Innovations in government responses to catastrophic risk-sharing in developing countries
Skees, Jerry R.; Barnett, Barry; Hartell, Jason
N/A
44
http://www.agroinsurance.com/files//documents/Skees_Barnett_Hartell%20-%20eng.pdf 
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Insuring against bad weather – Recent thinking
Hazell, Peter; Skees, Jerry
N/A
19
http://microfinancegateway.org/redirect.php?mode=link&id=40424 
http://microfinancegateway.org/content/article/detail/40424 

Year of publication: 2004
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MICROINSURANCE Newsletter No.3
N/A
CGAP Working Group on Microinsurance
6
http://www.microfinancegateway.org/redirect.php?mode=link&id=19000 
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New ways for rural finance – Livestock insurance schemes in Vietnam
Dufhues, Thomas; Lemke, Ute; Fischer, Isabel
N/A
10
http://microfinancegateway.org/redirect.php?mode=link&id=40541 
http://microfinancegateway.org/content/article/detail/40541 
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Growth and Shocks: evidence from rural Ethiopia
Dercon, Stefan
Journal of Development Economics
42
http://www.economics.ox.ac.uk/members/stefan.dercon/growthshocks.pdf
Using panel data from rural Ethiopia, the article discusses the determinantsof consumption growth (1989-97), based on a microgrowth model,controlling for heterogeneity. Consumption grew substantially, but withdiverse experiences across villages and individuals. Rainfall shocks have asubstantial impact on consumption growth, which presists for many years.There also is a persistent growth impact from the large-scale famine inthe 1980s, as well as substantial externalities from road infrastructure.The persistent effects of rainfall shocks and the famine crisis imply thatwelfare losses due to the lack of insurance and protection measures arewell beyond the welfare cost of short term consumption fluctuations.
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Weather derivatives: Concept and application for their use in South Africa
Geyser, J.M.
University of Pretoria
27
http://www.up.ac.za/academic/ecoagric/fulltext/2004-03.pdf 
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Innovation in agricultural insurance-linkages to microfinance
Skees, Jerry (GlobalAgRisk)
USAID
24
http://microfinancegateway.org/redirect.php?mode=link&id=20860 
http://www.microfinancegateway.com/content/article/detail/20860 
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Poverty Traps and Safety Net
Barrett, Christopher; McPeak, John
N/A
31
http://aem.cornell.edu/faculty_sites/cbb2/Papers/BMT_povertytraps_june2004.pdf
This paper explores three interrelated questions that have been central to Erik Thorbecke’s past research and his current concerns: What is the etiology of chronic poverty and vulnerability? How does nutrition-related health risk affect patterns of chronic poverty and vulnerability? What are the implications for the design of development policy, especially safety net interventions?

Year of publication: 2003
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Donor guidelines for supporting microinsurance
N/A
CGAP Working Group on Microinsurance
48
http://www.microfinancegateway.org/redirect.php?mode=link&id=13836 
http://www.microfinancegateway.org/content/article/detail/13836 
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Risk management challenges in rural financial markets
Skees, Jerry
GlobalAgRisk
36
http://microfinancegateway.org/redirect.php?mode=link&id=20077 
http://microfinancegateway.org/content/article/detail/20077 
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Abstract:
Demand for rainfall-index based insurance – A case study from Morocco
McCarthy, Nancy
IFPRI
39
http://www.ifpri.org/divs/eptd/dp/papers/eptdp106.pdf 
The paper presents results of a willingness-to-pay study, where respondents were asked to consider their demand for hypothetical rainfall index-based insurance contracts. Surveys were undertaken in four regions in Morocco, representing different mean and variability of rainfall conditions.
 
Results indicate that respondents in the high variability regions preferred contracts that paid out more often (had higher rainfall trigger levels), and which were more costly. In fact, a strong majority of respondents indicated they would purchase these contracts at the fair-value price; the estimated median willingness to pay for such contracts was between 12–20% above the fair-value contract. However, in the lower rainfall variability regions, the cheaper contracts with lower trigger values were the only contracts for which the estimated median willingness to pay was greater than the fair value of the contract. Finally, estimated coefficients for explanatory variables such as human and physical assets, debt levels, etc. did not have consistent impacts, either across or within regions.
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Abstract:
Paving the way forward for rural finance: Synthesis paper and conference proceedings
N/A
USAID
92
http://www.coopdevelopmentcenter.coop/Sector/Microfinance%20&%20Finance/PNACY275.pdf 
The paper includes the conference proceedings of the Paving the Way Forward for Rural Finance Conference in Washington in 2003. It consists of the abstracts of theme papers, more than 40 case studies and a synthesis document that brings together the conference’s vast collection of ideas, innovations and lessons to suggest areas for further development and future direction in rural finance.
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Innovative financial services for rural India
N/A
World Bank
40
http://microfinancegateway.org/redirect.php?mode=link&id=11435 
http://www.microfinancegateway.com/content/article/detail/11435 
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Abstract:
Design and use of weather derivatives in agricultural policies
Hess, Ulrich; Stoppa, Andrea
N/A
18
http://www.itf-commrisk.org/documents/rainfallmorocco.pdf 
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Year of publication: 2002
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Abstract:
Agricultural insurance in developing countries
Slangen, Anthon
FAO
11
http://oracle3.mapya.es/documentos_pwe/confe/slangen_ing.pdf 
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Abstract:
Can Financial Markets Be Trapped to Help Poor People Cope with Weather Risks?
Skees, Jerry; Varangis, Panos; Larson, Donald; Siegel, Paul
UNU- WIDER
32
http://www.microfinancegateway.org/redirect.php?mode=link&id=20631
http://www.microfinancegateway.org/content/article/detail/20631
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Weather Indexes for Developing Countries
Varangis, Panos; Skees, Jerry; Barnett, Barry
World Bank
16
http://www.microfinancegateway.com/redirect.php?mode=link&id=40809
http://www.microfinancegateway.com/content/article/detail/40809
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Examining the feasibility of livestock insurance in Mongolia
Skees, Jerry; Enkh-Amgalan, Ayurzana
World Bank
41
http://microfinancegateway.org/redirect.php?mode=link&id=3650 
http://www.microfinancegateway.com/content/article/detail/3650 
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Weather risk management for agriculture and agri-business in developing countries
Hess, Ulrich; Richter, Kaspar; Stoppa, Andrea
N/A
16
http://microfinancegateway.org/redirect.php?mode=link&id=39251 
http://microfinancegateway.org/content/article/detail/39251 

Year of publication: 2001
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Risk Management in Rural Development: A Review
Anderson, Jock
World Bank
62
> PDF (315 KB)
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Year of publication: 2000
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CGAP Focus Note 17
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CGAP Working Group on Microinsurance
4
http://www.microfinancegateway.org/redirect.php?mode=link&id=1213 
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Year of publication: 1999
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New approaches to crop yield insurance in developing countries
Skees, Jerry; Hazell, Peter; Miranda, Mario
IFPRI
40
http://microfinancegateway.org/content/article/detail/2606 
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Dealing with commodity price volatility in developing countries
N/A
World Bank
84
http://www.itf-commrisk.org/documents/dsp73.pdf 
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Year of publication: 1995
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Financial implications of agricultural insurance
N/A
UNCTAD
34
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The paper discusses the insurability requirements of risks and their relationship to perils encountered in agricultural insurance. It focuses on the commercial and financial aspects of introducing or increasing agricultural insurance operations.
 
By examining the insurability criteria of agricultural risks and the resulting financial implications for insurers, the paper attempts to convey the necessity of a thorough insurability assessment if an insurer wishes to enter or increase business for a particular risk. Based on examples and information from insurance practice and principles, the paper attempts to show those components of agricultural insurance that have a particular effect on its profitability and therefore present important financial implications for insurers and governments.

Year of publication: 1994
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Agricultural insurance in developing countries
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UNCTAD
153
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The study focuses on the possibilities for increasing insurance awareness in developing countries and in particular for extending insurance cover to productive entities in the traditional sector, with particular reference to agricultural production, by devising appropriate insurance covers and taking into account the work done in other organisations.
 
Chapter 1 provides an introduction to risk and risk management in agriculture differentiated by the category of agricultural activity (traditional or subsistence agriculture, semi-commercial and emerging sector, commercial farming sector, specialised production systems). Chapter 2 then covers all types of crop insurance, followed by general observations in this sector. Chapter 3 discusses livestock insurance (incl. general observations) followed by chapters on poultry insurance (4) and aquaculture insurance (5). Chapter 6 provides an overview of other insurance businesses in the agriculture sector (e.g. transport, storage, equipment, liability). The paper closes by formulating recommendations for developing insurance markets in rural areas (Chapter 7), for the organisational structure of agricultural insurance (Chapter 8) and for reinsurance opportunities (Chapter 9). Concluding observations round off the paper.
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Issues of agricultural insurance in developing countries
N/A
UNCTAD
27
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The document addresses the issues facing the introduction and expansion of different types of agricultural insurance in developing countries. It also discusses the possible economic benefits to be gained by linking agricultural insurance to rural credit schemes. The report places emphasis not only on the contribution that agricultural insurance might make to an expansion of insurance markets in developing countries but also underscores the support it can provide for agricultural development.
 
The first chapter notes that, in developing countries, insurance is largely absent from rural areas. Chapter 2 considers the selection of a country’s agricultural sub-sectors where insurance can be beneficial and viable. Chapter 3 looks at the types of insurance cover appropriate for the different agricultural sectors. Chapter 4 suggests that insurers build up partnerships with other providers of services to rural areas. Chapter 5 highlights the importance of agricultural insurance in protecting both the farmers and the lenders in agricultural credit schemes. Chapter 6 examines the benefits for the insurance industry in developing countries of expanding rural and agricultural insurance. Finally, Chapter 7 highlights some of the long-term development benefits of agricultural insurance.
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Agricultural insurance in Latin America: Where are we?
Wenner, Mark; Arias, Die
Inter-American Development Bank
19
http://www.microfinancegateway.com/redirect.php?mode=link&id=33252 
http://www.microfinancegateway.com/content/article/detail/33252 

Year of publication: 1993
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Wealth, Weather Risk and Composition and Profitability of Agricultural Investments
Rosenzweig, Mark; Binswanger, Hans
Economic Journal
48
> PDF (1.9 MB)
This paper utilizes panel data from rural India to examine how the composition of asset holdings varies across farmers with different levels of total wealth and across farmers facing different degrees of weather risk. In particular, the riskiness of farmers' asset portfolios are measured in terms of their sensitivity to weather variation and a test is developed and implemented of risk aversion based on the association between the average returns to individual production assets and their sensitivity to weather variability. How the responsiveness of portfolio riskiness and farm profitability to the influence of exogenous weather risk varies with wealth is also estimated.

Year of publication: 1992
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The Appropriate Role Agricultural Insurance in Developing Countries
Hazell, Peter
Journal of International Development
14
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Multiple-risk crop insurance programmes have proven expensive to governments but have not lived up to their expectations. Many agricultural risks cannot be insured on a financially sound basis, but there is scope for increased insurance of farm assets, of the life and health of rural people, and of some specific perils that affect crop and livestock yields. Such insurance could be efficiently provided by the private sector if governments were to remove some of the important constraints impinging on commercial insurers. The greatest challenge is to find ways of insuring low-income rural households against natural hazards on a financially sound basis. Simple lottery schemes that provide insurance against catastrophic weather events (e.g. drought or flood) recorded at regional weather stations might prove effective.

Year of publication: unknown
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Using Index-based Risk Transfer Productsto Facilitate Micro Lending in Peru and Vietnam
Skees, Jerry;  Hartell, Jason; Goes, Anne
N/A
11
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New approaches to public-private crop yield insurance
Skees, Jerry; Hazell, Peter; Miranda, Mario
World Bank
21
http://www.itf-commrisk.org/documents/pubprivyieldins.pdf 
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Reducing financial vulnerability to natural disasters in the agricultural sector in Mexico
Saldaña-Zorrilla, Sergio Omar
N/A
24
http://www.proventionconsortium.org/themes/default/pdfs/AG/096MEX.pdf
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Abstract:
Weather indexes for developing countries
Skees, Jerry R.; Barnett, Barry; Varangis, Panos
N/A
16
http://www.globalagrisk.com/pubs/Weather%20Indexes%20for%20Developing%20Countries.pdf
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