Climate-smart Agriculture, Organic Farming & Co - New paths in agriculture
Dialogue Forum special on the occasion of the “Münchner Klimaherbst” on 20 October 2021
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The world is facing a dilemma: in order to fight global hunger, agricultural production must increase. At the same time, agriculture, as a major emitter of climate-damaging greenhouse gases, contributes to global warming. What ways can lead out of this dilemma were outlined by the experts at the Dialogue Forum special on the occasion of the “Münchner Klimaherbst” 2021. The event was moderated by Florian Kienast, Bayrischer Rundfunk.
The facts have been on the table for a long time: according to surveys by Welthungerhilfe around 690 million people suffer from hunger, and two billion are affected by malnutrition. On the other hand, around 40 percent of climate-damaging greenhouse gas emissions come from the global food system, i.e. the production, processing, transport and consumption of food. It is mainly small farms that provide people with food. "Of the more than 600 million farms worldwide, over 80 per cent have less than two hectares of cultivable land," explained Christel Weller-Molongua, Head of Department Rural Development and Agriculture at the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ). In the global South, 500 million smallholders produce 70 percent of the food. According to Weller-Molongua, they are already suffering from the effects of climate change, such as droughts, but also erosion due to increasing heavy rainfall, among other things, resulting in the loss of more than ten million hectares of arable land every year.
There is no one approach to more sustainable agriculture, but we need to balance environmental, social and economic goals, taking into account the local context
Considering the local context
There is no true or false when it comes to shaping the future of agriculture; we must be guided by scientific findings
Long supply and processing chains are problematic
Avoiding the mistakes of industrialised countries
Putting one's own goals in the background
The question remains to what extent we are engaging in a form of eco-colonialism with our advice for better agriculture. DITSL Managing Director Hülsebusch has a firm opinion on this: "Even if we go to developing countries with our objectives, for example with regard to Fairtrade, without taking country-specific characteristics into account, that is a form of colonialism." And our problem-solving strategies are not necessarily effective either, because we are socialised very differently in the industrialised countries. That is why we have to take into account the experiences and insights from both worlds if we want to successfully transform the agricultural sector.
Catharina Hinz of the Berlin Institute for Population and Development, on the other hand, pointed out that the solutions developed by her organisation were based on ideas that had emerged in African countries. So, she said, there are definitely innovative initiatives that are based in developing countries as well as in industrialised countries. "In most of the countries where we are on the ground, there is an awareness that things cannot go on as before," added GIZ expert Weller-Molongua. That is why it is no longer necessary to point the finger of blame. Like everywhere else, however, the problem is that behavioural changes take time. And even if there are central issues such as the question of land rights, one must always keep an eye on the different agro-climates individually.
Leapfrogging is not a panacea, but it does contribute a lot to increasing agricultural production